Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Data Analysis - Essay Example Eckel and Grossman (1998) in their study have addressed the same issues. Another prominent study conducted by Fehr and Gatcher (2000) in which they further relate financial altruism to various factors. The current research work explores the altruism behavior within the context of behavioral finance and can be considered as an attempt to add to the literature that is already present on the topic. The study would also try to achieve some research objectives and answer research questions that have been listed below. The authors Eckel & Grossman (1998) clearly illustrated the difference in economic decisions between men and women. A number of studies were conducted in the past regarding similar subject matter. These studies were not only conducted for the field of economics but also psychology to assess the difference in approach between men and women. However, these studies were not able to draw the factors that create distinction between behavior behind economic decisions in both the genders because they did not know about gender being selfish or not. It can be well-stated that conclusions regarding the chosen subject cannot be achieved until or unless the behavior is easily gauged in a general environment. This indicates that the previous studies were unable to demonstrate differences other than experimental environment. Therefore, Eckel & Grossman (1998) introduced double-anonymous dictator game experiment to collect data to find the core difference of behavior of men and women while underta king economic decisions (Eckel and Grossman 1998). The authors of the study undertook testing of the hypothesis that exclaimed no difference between men and women and then the donations were taken under consideration. It was noted that men donated $0.82 on average while the amount was $1.60 among women. The statistical observation marked that p-value was less than 0.01. It is due to this reason that null hypothesis was rejected by further

Principal Powers available to the courts in England & Wales Essay

Principal Powers available to the courts in England & Wales - Essay Example The local courts were manned over by one of the lord’s stewards or the lord himself. The Curia Regis, which is the King’s court, was presided by the king himself. It is not a comfortable experience to go on trial in a Welsh and English courts. This is better than the ordeal trial, which was used until the end of 12th century in determining innocence or guilt in criminal cases. Under the system of ordeal, the accused were forced to pick up a red-hot iron, to remove a stone from a cauldron of boiling water, and any other punishment, which is equally painful and dangerous. After this punishment, if the hand begins to heal in three days he is considered having God in his/her side and thereby proving that he/she is innocent. The number of recorded verdicts in this system is not known to anyone. Another popular and extreme sense of ordeal system is water where one ties an individual and throws into the water body. If he/she sinks, it shows that he/she is innocent. In 1406, th e judicial view expressed that the King has transferred all his powers to the courts. The English civil war of 1642-51 was fought between the rights of the King and the rights of the parliament. The parliament won the battle, and it became the supreme legal authority in the country. This supremacy of the parliament is a cornerstone of the constitution. This meant that legally, parliament could pass any law it wishes though there are some limitations to this power. The high court of justice is an amalgamation between the court of chancery and existing courts of common law. Because United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, justice is administered in the name of the crown (Riches & Allen, 2011, p.152). There is a judicial system where the high court ensures that governments, lower courts and public bodies are operating within the law. Judicial review is only interested with the legality of decision-making and not concerned with the merits of the decision. Some courts have appellate jurisdiction. This means that they decide their appeals from courts, which are below them in their hierarchy of courts. This is the Supreme Court in the United Kingdom, which replaced appellate committee in the House of Lords. The high court and the court of appeal are among those, which are below in the hierarchy. The court of appeal has criminal and civil division. The crown court is mandated to hear certain appeals, which are from the magistrate’s courts (Probert 2011). There is a distanced system of criminal courts. These are the magistrates’ courts and the crown courts of Wales and England. The crown courts are dated back from courts act of 1971, which replaced and abolished various courts including Quarter and Assizes sessions and many other local courts like the court of Chancery. Tribunals deal with many specialist matters though there might be some appeals to the high court or a higher tribunal. Tribunal courts and enforcement Act of 2007 has changed tribunal structure through radical reforms. Non-lawyers are used significantly in the system; they include Magistrates, tribunal members, and Jurors. The speech of Abdroikof 2007 emphasized the importance of the jury. In certain situations, there is a provision of the Criminal Justice of 2003 Act for non-jury trials (Grubin 1996). In most tribunals and courts, the