Tobacco Smoking And Its Effects - 1089 Words

Tobacco [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Tobacco Introduction Tobacco smoking is the major preventable cause of illness and mortality in developed countries. Tobacco smoke is a combination of approximately 4,000 toxic chemicals and at least 42 components are associated with cancer. Tobacco Smoking is responsible for 30% of cancer deaths and 90% of deaths from lung cancer (Arnold, 2001). The other cancers related to cigarette use are mouth cancer, larynx, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, kidney, bladder and cervix. The smoke is associated with an increased risk of a variety of cancers. Of almost 5000 tobacco components, proved to be more than 50 carcinogens. It is estimated that 30% of all cancers in industrialized†¦show more content†¦Male infertility is the inability to achieve a pregnancy after one year of frequent sex without using contraception. Research has produced important new data to help men-smokers who want to be parents. By abandoning the habit of tobacco smoking, they can start reproduction. Physical Effects on life Tobacco smoking impairs the oxygenation of the lungs, i.e., there is a decreased amount of air absorbed by the lungs and, as a consequence, reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen to cells and muscles of the body. This fact leads to loss of physical ability to perform life activities like playing sports and dancing. In all, over time the lungs of the smoker lose elasticity and space for the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen. This results in a reduced respiratory capacity because there is less air in and out, which also affect the practice of sports. Nicotine increases the heart rate, which means that the heart of the smoker is forced to â€Å"work† more to have the same performance as the heart of a nonsmoker. So while smokers practice exercises: they tire more easily; have less endurance and less breathless than people who do not smoke. Psychological effects on life One of the common justifications of tobacco smokers to maintain the habit is that smoking relieves stress. And it seems they are right. Those who had received nicotine patches were less likely to retaliate against provocations virtual enemy(Swan, 2007).

Comparing the Personalities of the Writers, Dante and Chaucer

Even though Dante and Chaucer never met, Dante having died 19 years before Chaucer was born, Dante inadvertently became Chaucer’s life long mentor. Dante’s severe spirit turned out to be far more harsh than Chaucer’s nature, however Dante’s protà ©gà ©, Boccaccio, became one of Chaucer’s greatest inspirations. Looking back at both Dante and Chaucer’s works, experts now see striking similarities in their writing. Whether Chaucer ever meant to use Dante’s materials or not, he is now closely compared with his contrary counter part. The original purpose of this paper was to tell how closely related Chaucer’s writing was to Dante’s, however, a closer look at the man, the better the picture is that shows the blatant contrasts between these two†¦show more content†¦These experiences made Dante quickly realize that this world is corrupt to the core. â€Å"Greed for material things is the main fault, greed which is all owed to dictate the actions of men. Only a cessation of strife, the establishment of universal peace can ensure the happiness of mankind and allow men to pursue the ultimate aim for which God has destined them on earth, that of exercising constantly and to the full their distinctive quality, the ‘Virtus Intellective’ (virtuous intellect)† (Limentani,117). He believed that life on this earth was for a purpose and had meaning to it this can be seen in the Inferno because Dante is working to make his journey purposeful. He travels so far and tries so hard to work his way up to heaven. Chaucer stands in contrast to Dante’s almost dogmatic piety and looks to other things as purposeful in his life. Chaucer’s views of life come from a very political point of view. He was introduced to court life while still in his teens, becoming a page to one of the kings daughter-in-laws. From there he rose in status until he was promoted to the rank of esquire. Though h e was exposed to political plots and war Chaucer exhibit’s a lust and compassion for life that completely eludes Dante’s works. While he was easy going and generally sympathetic to others Chaucer was nothing of a typical idealist. While Dante searched for ways to better the world by destroying chaotic war and hate, Chaucer was content to let the world

Citizen Bank Case Free Essays

The merger of U. S. Citizen Bank and Louisiana Purchase Bank (LPB) in 1998 resulted in a formation of a financial powerhouse possessing core competencies in commercial lending and innovation. We will write a custom essay sample on Citizen Bank Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Upon recognizing the much needed annuity-driven market potential existing within the U. S. college population, the LPB pioneered the student credit card program in 1989. Indeed, the student credit card program proved to be more profitable with net income margin around 6 percent compared to that of 4 percent for non-student product offerings. In fact, LPB was collecting revenue on 60 percent of its accounts. The sheer magnitude of credit usage among college students caught public’s attention. Well respected college professors claimed direct correlation between credit institutions’ success and college students’ irresponsible financial behavior leading to debt and higher drop-out rates. Due to this increased public awareness, The U. S.  General Accounting Office (GAO) initiated an investigative report to further analyze the magnitude of student credit card usage and its consequences on students’ academic, financial, and personal well-being. The GAO asked LPB’s head of Student Card Services division, Michelle Jeffries, to participate in a survey soliciting data pertinent to their college student accounts as well as information regarding LPB’s marketing approach to this demographic. Data submitted would be compared to that of other (unnamed) financial institutions and published (in aggregate) without identifying individual responders. In addition, Michelle Jeffries was notified that a popular investigative television series, ’60 Minutes’ will be featuring a story on student credit cards and plans to portray credit card issuers in a negative light similar to that of tobacco companies. I believe Michelle is in the best position to be the key decision maker due to the fact that she has the most insight into divisional operations, objectives, and values. She is the leader of the student credit card services division and should be the one to decide and communicate next steps – after having gathered input from other constituents – including the President, Risk Manager and other employees. Michelle needs to consider the interests of U. S. Citizen Bank, its employees and shareholders, all calling for a profitable and prospering organization. In addition, she needs to consider the rights of general public and media to know what U. S.  Citizen Bank’s ultimate objectives are, including its corporate values and goals. Does U. S. Citizen Bank need to have a moral obligation to look after the best interests of customers it serves? If so, what is in college students’ best interest when it comes to credit cards? Is it ethical to extend credit to students? Finally, Michelle needs to think about her own virtues and character in addition to those of the organization. What virtues does the company value the most? Do those align with her personal virtues? The most important ethical issue at hand is the implied allegation that success of U. S Citizen Bank’s Student Card Services division was at the expense of college students’ financial well-being. That begs the question of moral obligation and the ethics of extending credit to college students. Another important ethical issue is U. S. Citizen Bank’s response to the public in regards to the GAO survey as well as 60 Minutes. The bank is being asked to disclose confidential customer information as well as their business and marketing plans. Lastly, Michelle needs to marry her own personal values to those of the organization which she leads. She has a solid track record of being honest, fair and ethical and she needs to lead the organization keeping those core values in mind. Lastly, she needs to assure those shared values are actually being practiced. Michelle is presented with the following possible options. She could disregard GAO’s request for information on grounds of protecting customer privacy as well as corporate business and marketing plans in terms of promotional and marketing strategies. She could also choose not to publicly address 60 Minutes to avoid the possibility of self-imposed negative attention on U. S. Citizen Bank in relation to the series. Another viable option would be to submit the requested information to the GAO as well as publicly address the 60 Minutes series while firmly defending company’s current strategy without identifying any holes or areas for improvement. The third option would be to respond to the GAO’s request as well as release a public statement in response to the 60 Minutes series clearly identifying U.  S. Citizen Bank’s corporate values, objectives and responsibilities to all of its stakeholders. In both responses, Michelle could acknowledge things the corporation believes they’ve done right as well as things they could and plan to improve on in response to helping college students become more financially responsible when it comes to credit card debt. Michelle should respond to the GAO survey by submitting requested account data and marketing information while emphasizing company’s strong commitment to customer privacy and onfidentiality of information submitted. She should address the 60 Minutes series by clearly identifying and defending her organization’s values and commitment to its customers. She should highlight company’s accomplishments and strides in the area of student credit card education programs. Furthermore, she should identify areas of improvement with well-defined action plans that will elevate the organization to the next level vs. merely pointing out weaknesses to the competitors. The overall theme should re-iterate company’s commitment to all of its stakeholders, acknowledging what they’ve done to support that commitment followed by an action plan to further evolve and improve their student credit card education programs. They should raise the bar for all credit card issuers on educating college students on responsible use of credit cards. More importantly, they should publicly acknowledge their ethical responsibility to provide customers with information necessary to make sound financial decisions. Michelle also needs to ensure external communication aligns with the internal translation in order to successfully execute publicly announced action plan. Internal stakeholders need to be assured that external message is honest and action-driven and not just a media ‘spin’ to protect company’s interests. An internal communication to employees and shareholders should clearly translate the external message into sustainable long-term profitability and well-being of the company. Considering the interests of all parties involved, the suggested approach is clearly the right one. By publicly acknowledging and recognizing an increased concern surrounding college students’ credit card debt, they will gain public’s sympathy and respect. By choosing to do something about it via a well defined action plan, they will gain public’s trust. By gaining public’s trust, they will gain a more loyal and increased customer base which will contribute to company’s long-term profitability. In addition, this approach will clearly communicate company’s values and traits of responsible corporate citizenship which will set an example for other companies in their industry, including their competitors. One might argue the organization should really re-evaluate the business they are in as it may not be morally responsible to extend credit cards to students. I would argue that the morality question certainly does come into play and should definitely be considered when deciding on tactics used to promote and market credit cards to students. However, the actual extension of credit to students, by its nature, is not unethical. In fact, when utilized properly, it serves students’ interests by allowing them to build credit history while teaching financial responsibility and spending within means. In conclusion, while credit lending geared towards college students is not considered unethical business to be in, marketing techniques utilized to promote such products and service may certainly cross ethical boundaries. How to cite Citizen Bank Case, Essay examples

Dark Romantic Use of Poetic Techniques free essay sample

The Blackness of eternal night encompassed me. I struggled for breath. † (Poe). One can barely stand being alone, blinded by the darkness in a place one knows, imagine somewhere that one is completely clueless of what lays ahead! This quote describes how the narrator from the pit and the pendulum feels that the darkness that completely surrounds the narrator oppress and suffocate the narrator. Besides the â€Å"Pit and The Pendulum† by Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Devil and The Tom Walker† by Washington Irving focus the story around the main character committing mistakes, and whether the main character fix them or inevitably leads to their death. Both stories share dark romantic characteristics that exemplify dark romantic genre. While both â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† and â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker† exemplify the genre of dark romantic, each story is unique in its use of dark romantic characteristics to establish a suspenseful mood. Both stories begin with an eerie setting to draw the reader into a suspenseful moo. In â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker† tom decides to walk alone in a â€Å"†¦ill-chosen route. The swamp was covered with great gloomy pines and hemlocks†¦ It was full of pits and quagmires. Partly covered with weeds and mosses, where the green surface often betrayed the traveler into a gulf of black†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Irving). This quote describes the loneness and creepiness of the forest as Tom walks alone in the forest, making the forest a threatening environment. The reader then has the expectation that in a threatening environment like that, something bad will happen; keeping the reader on full alert. On the other hand â€Å"The pit and The Pendulum† eerie setting is in a dark ominous cell in which the narrator is jailed in during the inquisition. The cell is completely dark, giving of a threatening environment since the looming threat of torture by the inquisitors lie ahead. Even though the environment is threatening the narrator behaves calm, thus having the reader calm to but jumping at every small change. The eerie setting set in each story are similar in the way that both characters are vulnerable to attacks but differ in where they take place, setting a different tone of suspense. A poetic technique Irving and Poe imply well to their short stories are sensory details to make their stories more suspenseful. In â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† as the narrator is strapped down helplessly the narrator describes in horror the pendulum, â€Å"†¦ I counted the rushing vibrations of the steel! Inch by inch-line by line-with a descent only appreciable at intervals that seemed ages-down and still down it came†¦ it swept so closely over me as to fan me with its acrid breath. The odor of the sharp steel forced itself into me nostrils†¦ I grew frantically mad and struggled to force myself upward against the sweep of the fearful scimitar. †- (Poe). The narrator’s descriptintion of the descending pendulum give of the idea that a slow painful death awaits the narrator but still hopeful that the narrator might escape since he has time. This hope adds intensity to the story by one anticipating if the narrator is or is not going to die. In the same manner, â€Å"The devil and Tom Walker† tom encounters the devil and describes him â€Å" a great black man †¦ neither negro nor Indian †¦ a shock of Corse black hair that stood out his head in all direction and bore an ax on his shoulders† (Irving). This description alone is intimidating, the fact that this man is the devil furthermore it adds intensity to the encounter between the devil and tom. The different graphic detail on both stories has the reader sitting on the edge of their seats For the most part throughout both stories many chilling event occur in an effort to establish a suspenseful mood. In one of the punishments from the judges from â€Å"the pit and the pendulum† the narrator has to decide between being squished by the cells movable walls or jumping into the well both resulting in death. At the realization of this the narrator describes his horror â€Å"it burned itself upon my shuddering recently – oh! For a voice to speak – oh! Horror – oh! Any horror but this! With a shriek I rushed from the margin and buried my face in my hands – weeping bitterly† (Poe). This quote not only states that the narrator has lost the hope of making it out alive but also makes the reader wonder â€Å"is this really it. He has made it through so many punishments. Is he really going to die? † The narrator’s confrontation with this reality makes the chilling events set a suspenseful mood. In contrast in â€Å"the devil and tom walker† tom walker’s wife disappears after she informs tom that she will make a deal with the devil. The mysterious disappearance of Tom’s wife leaves the reader with nervousness. These chilling event leave the reader nerve-wrecked in different ways. In especially character development in bot stories helps builds suspense. In â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker† Tom goes from an average guy to a wealthy men through ill- gotten wealth from the devil. With this development in mind, the reader realizes the story has a deeper meaning, a moral lesson to teach. This realization leads the reader to anticipate something bad to Tom. Controversially, in â€Å"The Pit and The Pendulum† the narrator begins the story with the decision to survive, giving the reader hope that the narrator will live. As the narrator goes through the various punishments imposed by the judges the narrator slowly loses hope. This shred of hope is what kept the narrator alive, losing it means certain death. Generally speaking the reader most certainly does not wish the narrators death, making the reader become anxious as the narrator shows signs of losing hope. The character developments in each story leads reader to not only feel suspense for the characters surroundings but also for the character in various ways. In the final analysis, the authors’ implication of an eerie setting, sensory details, chilling events, and character development achieved a suspenseful mood. Each of these dark romantic characteristics triggers certain emotions such as agitation, nervousness, and anxiety eventually leading to create a suspenseful atmosphere. Both stories use each dark romantic characteristic differently to establish this suspenseful atmosphere. â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker† by Washington Irving establish a suspenseful mood by using the same Dark romantic characteristics differently.

Taoism Essays (260 words) - Taoism, Tao, Religion In China, Laozi

Taoism Taoism was first thought of by Lao Tzu. He thought that if you seek order and harmony and observe that nothing in nature strives for fame, power, and wisdom. Tao means "The way" or the universal force that guides all things. The philosophy of Lao Tzu came to be known as Taoism. Chinese people who learned the philosophy left society and lived closer to nature (Krieger, Reynolds, Neill, 88). The sign of the yin yang is a very common symbol in Taoism. Yin is the dark side of life. Yang is the light side of life. Without each other life would be unbalanced and unable to survive. Some of the great masters of yin yang and Taoism are Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. The hexagrams around the yin yang represent the forces of life that interact with each other (Dithrich). Taoists believe in the universe as being alive. They believe in the primal chi. The chi is the pivotal energy and living soul of the universe (Huang, 214). Many masters of Taoism, believe in worldly problems rather than political, "Their concerns were other-worldly. They sought self- awareness and self-cultivation in the transcendental..." (Parrinder,327). Taoist people believe that Tao, also meaning oneness, is the mother of all things. This philosophy influenced poets and artists. Taoism is simple and is close to nature. They believe that events in life should take their natural course and not be touched or stopped (Farah, Flickema, Hantula, Johnson, 77-80). Taoism is a religion still practiced in China. Other cultures believe in a form of Taoism too. It is a naturalistic religion that will be practiced for years to come.

Child Labour in the 19th century †History Essay

Child Labour in the 19th century – History Essay Free Online Research Papers Child Labour in the 19th century History Essay In the 19th century, children had to go to work very young. Some collieries even employed five years old children. For instance, collieries in Bradford and Leeds employed one five year old child, and 8 six years old children. In many cases, fathers and children worked together in the same factory. Children’s work was often less hard than adult’s one, but it was really hard for them and many children complained about being tired, like the little Henry Walker, a 13 years old boy working in a pit, or James Eggley’s daughters. The fingers of children are rather supple and thin, so they were used to perform precision tasks. Therefore, girls were often employed in collieries, and boys in pits. They worked about 10 hours a day, sometimes even 13, like Henry. But some were luckier, as the children employed in Mr Parkin’s Pit, Robert Town, who work 8 hours a day according to John Clough, the banksman. Children were sometimes obliged to work naked, and were often beaten. Security wasn’t very good, and they were often injured. Henry, for instance, had been seriously injured at head. They had hardly the time to eat, but most of them had at least a meal at work and one at home. Henry had 3 meals a day, and John Cough confirms that children were allowed to have a small break for dinner. Some of them went to Sunday school, but some didn’t go to school at all. Only a few children could read and write. Henry could do it only a little. In 1833, factory laws protecting children were voted. It obliged children to go to school, and the workplace to be clean. Later, the Ten Hours Act limited the work of thirteen to eighteen years olds to 10 hours a day. In 1876, a minimum age requirement was passed into law. Research Papers on Child Labour in the 19th century - History EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Spring and AutumnComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceStandardized Testing

Accounting, write a memo about Sony company Essay

Accounting, write a memo about Sony company - Essay Example Interesting content from proxy statement: â€Å"In a case where the outside director is reelected as an outside director of the corporation and reassumes his/her office as an outside director of the corporation, this agreement should continue to be effective after reelection and re-assumption without any action or formality.† This implies that in reelection of outside directors no formality is followed but the contract with the corporation is automatically renewed. In such instances the directorship is suppose to be formally executed like other directors by the use of the signature and company stamp but here it is no done. Positive Aspect: The annual report is viable and reasonable in that they require further tests to be conducted. While the primary objective of the report was to look at the effectiveness of the project in ensuring costs saving and operational efficiency, the project also looked at other information in a cursory manner as well (Simplified Acquisition Procedures for Federal Purchases, 2004). The report also suggests that independent study must be conducted to ensure that the prices of items being offered via the simplified acquisition procedures are at least at par with their market equivalents. Concerning Aspect: The first and the most concerning issue is that of carrying cost. The organization may carry excessive amounts, however the organization will have to bear excessive carrying costs to ensure that the products are kept in usable conditions and that they are not damaged due to prolonged periods of storage. These costs are not insignificant and in case of sensitive equipment, the equipment maintenance costs are a major portion of the organization is operating overheads. Overall: the annual report and proxy statement enables one to understand and the strategy of the company. It also enables one to comprehend the strategic direction as it

Effects of Substance Abuse on Prisoners in Austin Texas Assignment

Effects of Substance Abuse on Prisoners in Austin Texas - Assignment Example In this research of substance abuse in Texas, there are various shareholders. Healthcare organizations that are concerned with the welfare of the inmates, the criminal justice system that incorporates judges, attorneys, police officers, probation officers among others. Community stakeholders are also involved. These include the media, victims, families of the victims and community organizations in general. As discussed above, a researcher has to know his audience. The researcher determines who his audience is by conducting a prior audience analysis (Ellis & Walsh, 2010). Before the actual presentation, the researcher should gather information on the recipients of his presentation. He should profile the audience with respect to their knowledge of the subject matter, culture and age. This information is critical in helping the researcher to organize his presentation. The researcher should tailor his presentation to the needs and expectations of his audience. This will ensure that his presentation gets a positive reaction from the audience. The goal of a researcher is to communicate the research findings to the concerned stakeholders in an effective manner. Therefore, the mode and the medium of presentation are of utmost importance (Dantzker & Hunter, 2012). In this research on substance abuse in Texas, the researcher feels that a hybrid of more than one method of presentation will be effective in communicating the research findings. The researcher must communicate his message persuasively. Lecture method of presentation will be best for this. PowerPoint as a medium for presentation will be of importance. This will help in the display of charts and graphs in the presentation. Moreover, text reports will work well in communicating the researcher’s findings. Stakeholders who are not familiar with the subject of substance abuse in Texas will get the information from the report. Government executives and other officials may not have the time to read this report.  Ã‚  

Case study-scientific glass Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

-scientific glass - Case Study Example Similarly, the alternative of accuracy and reliability of the managers’ records should be investigated (Cannella and Ciancimino 21).The alternatives can be evaluated by for example physically counterchecking the inventory and the recorded figures. If they indicate similarity, then the records can be relied upon. Otherwise, the managers should be trained on how to keep updated records. In 2009, the cost of goods sold according to the balance sheet was $38.9 million while the inventory stood at $8.7 million. Dividing $38.9 with $8.7, the answer is 4.47 which represent the inventory turnover. Months of inventory is then obtained by dividing 365 by 4.47 is equal to 81.66. In order to get the days of inventory based on months, 81.66 is divided by days which equals to 2.7. The ratio of inventory against sales is obtained by dividing total inventory in 2009 by total sales which stood at 86.3 million which is equal to 0.1. If SG increases the sales by 20 percent in 2010 thus getting total sales of $103.86, and keeps the inventory coverage the same, the forecasted inventory in for the company would be 1.04 while that of North America which contributes 50.9% 4.44/8.72*100 of the whole inventory would be 0.53. One of the policies that the company focuses at adopting is eliminating trunk stock. In order to ensure that the customers’ demands were effectively met by the company, the sales people are allowed to check up a maximum of $10,000 in their cars as well as homes. However, after some deliberation, Beane deemed it fit to remove the trunk shots. Even if this would be apart of the solution to the inventory problem, some managers were hesitant to apply the policy. The maximum amount of inventory that would be saved would stand at $320,000 that is gotten by multiplying 32 salespersons by 10,000. By emulating the policy change, I estimate that the company

Advertising Subscription Mixed Revenue Models

Advertising Subscription Mixed Revenue Models A revenue model is the business plan for a company or website to make money. It is also known as business model. It is the amount of money that a company actually receives during a specific period, including discounts and deductions for returned merchandise. It is the top line or gross income figure from which costs are subtracted to determine net income. Revenue is calculated by multiplying the price at which goods or services are sold by the number of units or amount sold. There are many different types of revenue models but because of the importance of an Internet presence for any viable company, the below will discuss different revenue models which can be used on the Internet. It describes how the firm will earn revenue, generate profits, and produce a superior return on invested capital. It specifically describes different techniques or skills used in generating income from the publishers websites and the way a business, typically an online business, to convert its services. Common e-commerce revenue models: Web catalog revenue models Digital content revenue models Advertising-supported revenue models Advertising-subscription mixed revenue models Fee-for-transaction revenue models Fee-for-services revenue models Web catalog revenue models In this revenue model, the sellers print catalog and mail to prospective buyers. Buyers place order by mail or by phone to sellers. It proves to be successful for wide variety of consumer item. It is often called as the mail order or catalog model. When this company wishes to enter the e-commerce market, they transfer their catalog with online version. It is then called the Web Catalog Revenue Models after the catalogue model is expanded in this way. It works best for standardized products with little quality concerns such as (New) Books, music, videos, computers and consumer electronics and also wish to purchases such as gifts and electronics. A personal shopper application is used to create an interface that customer can virtually choose and purchase the products or goods. This is an intelligent program that learns the customers preferences and makes suggestions. Benefits of Web Catalog Revenue Model Such catalog can offer a high degree of configuration flexibility to its customers. To sell products and services such as books, music and videos. Luxury goods are made to provide information to shoppers not to generate revenue. Example: Computer companies such as QQeStore has a great success selling on the Web. FIGURE 1 Advertising-Supported revenue models Most television channel output is allowed by an Advertising-Supported Revenue Models. Broadcasters provide free programming to an audience along with advertising messages. It provides free programming to attract viewers, and then sell ads to marketers based on viewership. Some major problems had stopped the total success of online advertising. First is no proper usage has emerged on how to measure and charge for site visitor views. It is difficult for web advertisers to develop a standard for advertising charges. Stickiness of the website has an ability to retain visitors. Sticky content: e-mail, message boards and chat Non-sticky content: news and search In addition to the number of visitors or page views, stickiness is a critical element in creating a presence that attracts advertisers. If a website is sticky, people will spend more time on it, visit it always and bookmark it. The second problem is that very few websites have a sufficient number of visitors to interest large advertisers. Not very effective: Low CPM rates due to low ad effectiveness. Non-sticky content costs money Example:. Web portal- Site uses as a launching point to enter the web. Almost always includes a Web directory and search engine. FIGURE 2 Advertising-Subscription Mixed Revenue Models It has been used for many years by traditional print newspaper and magazines. Subscribers or visitors have to pay a fee and accept some level of advertising. Subscribers are generally subjected to much less advertising. Subscription fee charged for preferred content (like cable TV) examples like: New York Times (crosswords) Wall Street Journal (special articles) CBS Marketwatch (archived articles) AOL (monthly fee for ISP connection) Pornographic web sites. Usually a combination of free and premium content: Attract customers using free content, and then try to make them pay for premium content. Example: Business Week- Offers some free content at its Business Week online site and requires visitors to buy a subscription to the Business Week print magazine. FIGURE 3 Fee-for-Transaction Revenue Models Businesses offer services or charge a fee based on the number or size of transactions processed. Commission earned based on the volume of the transactions (the higher the volume, the higher the transaction fees will be) or fee per transaction conducted at the website (a fixed fee per trade regardless of the volume). A number of online travel agency began doing business on the web. Stock brokerage firms use a fee-for-transaction model. They charge their consumer a commission for each trade carry out but much cheaper than traditional transaction service providers. E-bay: Listing free + percentage of highest bid (commission). Ameritrade: $8 flat per trade. Expedia: $5 surcharge per ticket. Ticketmaster: Commission per ticker purchased. Plagiarism services: Surcharge per term paper downloaded Disintermediation Removal of an intermediary from a value chain. Reintermediation Introduction of a new intermediary. Online banking and financial services: important feature offered is account aggregation ability to obtain bank, investment, loan and financial account information from many websites and show it all in one location at the banks website. A bill presentment service provides an electronic version of an invoice or billing statement. Benefits of Fee-For-Transaction Revenue Model Automobile Sales- Auto dealers buy cars from the manufacturer and sell them to consumers. Insurance Brokers- Insurance companies have been slow to offer policies and investments for sale on the web. Example E-Bay- earned transaction fees from each successful transaction made by the bidders. FIGURE 4 Fee-for-Service Revenue Models The fee in this model is based on the value of the service provided. These are broker services or based on the number or size of transactions processed. Services range from games and entertainment to financial advice. Channel Conflict and Cannibalization Channel conflict: sales activities on a companys website create with its existing sale outlets-aka cannibalization because the websites sales consume sales that would be made in the companys other channels. Giving customers access to products through coordinated channels-channel cooperation. Benefits of Fee-For-Service Revenue Models Online games- Growing number of sites include premium games in their offerings and site visitors have to pay to play these premium games. Concerts and films- As more households obtain broadband access to the Internet, companies are providing streaming video of concerts and films to paying subscribers Professional services- State laws are one of the main forces preventing U.S professional from extending their practices to the web. Prepaid legal, dental insurance, warranty and others services marketed and sold through the Web. FIGURE 6 Conclusion The best revenue models that suit Cricket Sport E-Zine website are Advertising-Supported Revenue Model, because Cricket Sport E-Zine website services are either free. It also provides free programming to attract viewers and subscribers. Website are present accurate and helpful resources for subscribers. Stickiness of the website have an ability to keep visitors and attract repeat visitors. The publishing company earns money from advertisements and visitors or readers no longer have to pay to access. The content is basically paid for by money from the advertisers who in turn, gain exposure among the readers.

Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Change

Global Warming First discovered at the turn of the century by the Swedish scientist Arrhenius, global warming was initially thought to only cause increased greenhouse gases from coal combustion emissions. It wasn’t until fifty years later that the real causes and effects of global warming would be discovered. A British scientist by the name of Calendar correlated the 10% increase of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide between 1850 and 1940 with the observed warming of northern Europe and North America, which began in the 1880's. As for the cause of global warming, scientists generally believe that both the combustion of fossil fuels and other human activities are the primary reason for the increased concentration of carbon dioxide. Human activities such as the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas contribute heavily to global warming. Other major causes include deforestation, methane gas emissions, and the release of nitrous oxide chemicals into the atmosphere. The gasses are released primarily by rice cultivation, cattle and livestock populations, gas pipelines, and landfills. Deforestation is a big problem as far as global warming because trees remove Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere, but release large quantities when burned. Methane gas emissions contribute because they are trapped in the earth’s atmosphere and reflect light, which is usually released in a clean, healthy atmosphere. The energy burned to run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses, and power factories is responsible for about eighty percent of society's carbon dioxide emissions, about twenty-five percent of U.S. methane emissions, and about twenty percent of global nitrous oxide emissions. The evidence of global warming has been a care and concern ... ...problem will only garner with time. New and more efficient programs need to be developed as well as alternate methods of energy production because the methods now are not efficient enough to be able to cut pollution and waste by a significant amount. Possibly over time, such changes can be made and goals achieved so that we can live in a cleaner, healthier world. Works Cited Cowie, J. (1998). Climate and Human Change: Disaster or Opportunity? New York: Parthenon Publishing Fleagle, R.G. (1994) Global Environment Change Westport: Praeger Publishing World Wide Fund for Nature homepage. Articles written by WWF staff and AP (updated October 13, 1999: site visited October 13, 1999, (Http://www.Panda.org)] United States Environmental Protection Agency homepage. Written by EPA staff [updated April 21, 1998: visited October 12, 1999, (Http://www.epa.gov)]